Harmonize Economic and Social Development

The Human Development Index (HDI) is often used as a measure of human quality. In fact, many regions with a high HDI actually have a low Indonesian Happiness Index (IKI).

Therefore, economic development needs to be harmonized with social development so that people are not only prosperous but also happy. The 2021 Indonesian Happiness Index (IKI) launched by the Central Statistics Agency at the end of December 2021 places many provinces with high HDIs having low happiness index values. On the other hand, the happiest regions are the provinces that have a low HDI. Head of the Demographic Institute of the Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia, Depok, Turro S Wongkaren in Jakarta, said the HDI and IKI measure different things even though the indicators in the HDI are used as part of the IKI indicators. HDI is actually structured to measure a person's ability to choose, not to calculate human qualities. With good education, health and income, a person has the power to determine their way of life, including their consumption patterns. HDI is measured based on objective conditions so that it is easier to compare between regions or countries in different timescales. Meanwhile, IKI is subjective because it is measured based on respondents' answers. As a result, everyone's standard of happiness will be different depending on their condition, environmental situation, place, or time of the survey. It is this misalignment that makes developed countries with high per capita incomes not always happy nations. This situation is also reflected in the difference in the rankings of HDI and IKI in Indonesia. This is Easterlin's paradox, which since 1974 has suggested that poverty or education level is not always related to happiness level.

|•SOURCE•| Articles :KOMPAS | Image : AKSELERAN |

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